Results

Ug = 1 ÷ (0.17 + Σ cavity resistance). Cavity R by coating & gas (clear-air 0.19 · Low-E argon 0.74 per 16 mm), adjusted for width. g-value & price are typical market values. Indicative — confirm with a glass processor's spec.

Take-off

Bays = ⌈width ÷ module⌉, levels = ⌈height ÷ floor⌉. Profile = (bays+1)×height + (levels+1)×width. Aluminium ≈ 3.2 kg/m of profile. Cost = area × rate. Budget take-off, not a fabrication drawing.

Result

Utilisation vs 50 MPa allowable.

σ = 6 × w × h ÷ t² (cantilever, per unit width; w = line load, h = height, t = glass thickness). Compared to a 50 MPa allowable for toughened-laminated glass. Concept check — a stamped calc is still required for building control.

Result

Surface is 8.3 °C above dew point.

Tsi = Tin − U·Rsi·(Tin − Tout); fRsi = 1 − U·Rsi. Dew point from indoor RH (Magnus). Condensation when Tsi ≤ dew point; mould risk when surface RH > 80% (fRsi < 0.7). Steady-state estimate.

Take-off

Panels = ⌈area × (1+wastage) ÷ panel⌉. Sheets by nesting (~82% usable). Sub-frame ≈ 3.3 m/m²; rivets ≈ 8/m². ACP ≈ 5.5 kg/m² + frame 1.6 kg/m. Budget take-off.

Result

Utilisation of glass at this pressure.

Panes = ⌈area ÷ pane⌉; 4 fittings/pane. Glass ≈ 2.5 kg/m² per mm. Adequacy: σ ≈ 0.5·p·a² ÷ t² vs 40 MPa (tempered), a = short span. Screening only — point-fixed glass needs FE analysis.

Results

q_p = [1+7I_v]·½ρ·v_m², v_m = c_r(z)·v_b with terrain roughness z₀ (ρ=1.25). Design pressure = q_p·c_pe. Directional/seasonal & orography factors taken as 1. Simplified — feed this kPa into the glass tools.

Result

σ = β·p·a² ÷ t², δ = α·p·a⁴ ÷ (E·t³) for a uniformly loaded plate (a = short span, E = 70 GPa; β,α by aspect ratio). Required t sized to the design strength: annealed 25, heat-str. 44, toughened 59 MPa. Screening only — not a stamped calc.

Result

Silicone at 54% of 0.14 MPa allowable.

Bite b = P·a ÷ (2·σ_des), σ_des = 0.14 MPa (ETAG 002 dynamic), a = short glass span. Glue-line ≥ 6 mm and ≤ bite; dead-load & movement checked separately. Concept sizing — the sealant manufacturer must confirm.

Estimated cost

Rate = system base × region × country × tier. Base excludes secondary steel, feature lighting & scaffolding. Order-of-magnitude budget for feasibility — not a tendered price.